Persistence Of Vision

 This process is used in stop motion or still picture for any kind of animation and is still used today in modern cartoons. This process is where an animation is drawn and placed on top of a similar image with a slightly different movement over and over until you have a full action. then the picture is played back in a cycle of movements which in turn causes the brain to be tricked into thinking it's moving 

• Zoetrope:

This machine's earliest model was created in china by an inventor named Ting Huan.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-3yarT_h2ws

This video contains the full explanation for the zoetrope, its place in animation, how it works and when it was invented.

http://www.stageninedesign.com/http://www.stageninedesign.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/Zoetrope.jpg

• Phenakistoscope:

This machine is an early animation device designed to create the illusion of motion as well as the Zoetrope.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8a/Phenakistoscope_3g07690u.jpg

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Phenakistoscope_3g07690b.gif

Kinetoscope:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinetoscope
http://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=kinetoscope&oq=kinetoscope&gs_l=youtube.3..0l7.1427.4803.0.4971.11.8.0.3.3.0.87.456.8.8.0...0.0...1ac.1.11.youtube.A0T_wYC4qwQ

The Kinetoscope was an early motion picture invented and developed by Kennedy Laurie Dickson and Thomas Edison in 1888. it was introduced to the same basic approach as a film projector. it works by looking through lenses and rolling several slides in fast motion toward the point it tricks the mind into thinking its a moving picture.

Mutoscope: they were very popular in amusement arcades and piers in the UK.